Configuring a DNS server with SuSE’s YaST
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By Jack Wallen
By Jack Wallen
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Before YaST, setting up DNS servers was a matter of hand-editing configuration files in Linux. This was tedious to those who didn’t have the time to learn the details of the various .conf or .cf files required. Fortunately, the good people at Novell and SuSE worked hard to bring the Linux administrator the YaST (Yet another Setup Tool) to help. This tool makes setting up a plethora of system settings as simple as it gets.
Author’s note
Our environment for this article will be OpenSuSE 10.2 and the GNOME 2.16 environment. Both are stable, robust, and very user-friendly. The installation of SuSE 10.2 was a complete install (read: five CDs full of software), so everything needed to set up a complete server is there. I highly recommend this method so you do not have to fight with dependencies should you have to install a piece of software for your server. After a complete install, you will have everything you need to set up DNS.
A quick look around YaST
Although it is contrary to what many Linux admins would advise, I’m going to log into my SuSE 10.2 machine as root for this setup. I don’t do this often, but it saves me from having to enter the root password every time I want to perform an administration task. Once you are done setting up these services, log out.
The first thing you’ll want to do is to select the Computer menu.
You must choose whether the PPP daemon will set the DNS forwarders for you or if you'll set them manually.
You must choose whether the PPP daemon will set the DNS forwarders for you or if you'll set them manually.
Configuring DNS
DNS (Domain Name System) translates IP addresses to user-friendly URLs. So, instead of having to remember 216.109.112.135, you just have to remember yahoo.com. This is taken care of by DNS.
Setting up a DNS server with YaST is amazingly simple. The first step you need to take is to press the DNS Server button in the Network Settings of YaST. Once the new window opens, as shown in Figure E, the fun begins.
A DNS forwarder is DNS server that will send DNS requests to external (outside of your network) DNS servers when the internal DNS servers can not handle the request. Using this will make your DNS system more efficient.
Most likely you will be configuring the forwarder manually. So enter the DNS server information of the DNS server from your provider and click the Add button. Once you have entered all of the necessary external DNS servers click the Next button. Now you are ready to create a DNS zone.
A DNS zone is a fragment of the DNS namespace that has a designated responsibility. There is the root domain which is akin to the ‘/’ directory in Linux – it holds everything. And then there are the TLD (Top Level Domains) such as .net, .com, .org, .gov, .edu. Each of these can be considered a zone and each has its own responsibility. The first step here is to enter the name of the new zone in the Add New Zone text area as shown.
You can select from master (a primary or authoritative zone), slave (secondary zone), and forward zones (forwards requests).
You can select from master (a primary or authoritative zone), slave (secondary zone), and forward zones (forwards requests).
Once you have entered the name of the zone and selected the type of zone it represents, click the Add button and the new zone will appear in the Configured DNS Zones window. Once you’ve added a zone there is more fun to be had. Highlight the newly added zone and click the edit button to open up the zone editor.
There are plenty of settings to deal with in the zone editor.
There are plenty of settings to deal with in the zone editor.
In the zone editor you are able to do the following:
- Enable Zone Transport allows zones to be transportable from one host to another.
- Add name server (NS) records add a new host name where DNS information can be found.
- Add MX records mail Exchange record. Helps to map out mail servers.
- Configure SOA (State Of Authority) records this is information stored in a DNS zone about that zone and about other DNS records.
- Edit resource records add various types of keys (Domain Name Translation, CNAME, NS, MX). Each different key has its own syntax which can be found in RFC 2230.
Don't forget to select the proper ACL (Access Control List) to use with zone transport.
Don't forget to select the proper ACL (Access Control List) to use with zone transport.
The new name server must not be an IP address.
The new name server must not be an IP address.
The record with the smallest preference number will get the highest priority.
The record with the smallest preference number will get the highest priority.
Each configuration option for the SOA record is defined in the left side.
Each configuration option for the SOA record is defined in the left side.
The value of the record must be in IP address form.
The value of the record must be in IP address form.
Once you have completed working in the Zone Editor click OK to return to the main DNS Zone window. Click Next to continue.
Last Steps
The final steps in the DNS configuration are nigh. The first thing you will do is open the port in the firewall so that DNS traffic can pass through. By default it is off, so click the check box next to Open Port In Firewall.
By clicking the Firewall details you will be allowed to select which network interface will allow DNS traffic through.
By clicking the Firewall details you will be allowed to select which network interface will allow DNS traffic through.
In this screen you are able to define if DNS is started manually or at boot. I highly recommend you have this set to start at boot, otherwise you are going to have to go back and manually start up DNS any time the server is restarted (which, granted is rare in Linux.)
You can start the DNS server, stop the DNS server or start and save the settings and reload at once.
You can start the DNS server, stop the DNS server or start and save the settings and reload at once.
From this screen, you can also go into Expert mode. Don’t let the name fool you, expert mode only applies to start up with the only added feature being able to immediately start and stop DNS services with the click of a button and view log files.
You can define the type of log as well as add other services to the DNS logging.
You can define the type of log as well as add other services to the DNS logging.
And there you have it. Click Finish and your settings will be saved and the DNS services will be started.
Final Thoughts
DNS was once a very trick beast on Linux. No more. With the help of YaST, DNS has become a very simple task. The biggest trick with this type of service is understanding the fundamentals of DNS itself.
