In addition to the high-resolution camera, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter also contains includes a mineral-identifying spectrometer, a ground-penetrating radar, a context camera for imaging wide areas of the surface, a wide-angle color imager for monitoring the entire planet daily, and an instrument for mapping and monitoring water vapor and other particles in the atmosphere. rnrn

Left is an image of Mars’ north polar layered deposits taken by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment.

A mineral mapping instrument called Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars began sending images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter this week.rnrn

The left image from this strip of the Mars north polar region shows nearly true colors while the center photo shows the region as seen just beyond the range of the human eye. In the right image the ice is blue and dunes in the now-yellow area are much easier to see than in the other photos.

The Mars rover Opportunity has reached its major target, the edge of the Victoria crater. The robot has been travelled more than 5.7 miles on Mars since it landed in January 2004. Its original mission was scheduled for three months.rnrn

Geologists expect to learn new details of the history of the Red Planet by studying the exposed layers of rock on the inside of the crater.

An earlier photo shows the dunes on Martian surface that Opportunity traversed to reach the Victoria crater.

The rock abrasion tool (low center) from the other Mars rover robot Spirit became clogged with dust and bits of rock but scientists devised a way to run the tool in reverse to clear the debris and return it to full operation.

The Mars Global Surveyor reached Mars in 1996 to begin a four-year mission but it’s still going and going. This image from Sept. 20 shows about a 1.9 mile by 1.9 mile impact crater.rn

The lighter mounds are old while the dark sand dunes and intermediate ripples are new.

Here’s a “spider web” from the Martian surface.