Quantum computing is an emerging computing paradigm at the intersection of computer science, physics, and mathematics. Unlike classical computers that use bits — either 0 or 1 — as their fundamental computational blocks, quantum computers use quantum bits, or “qubits.” These qubits, governed by the principles of quantum mechanics, can exist in a state of superposition, where they can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This quality gives quantum computers computational power far beyond the reach of any traditional computer and has underscored their appeal.

This TechRepublic Premium article, written by Franklin Okeke, looks at specific quantum computing applications across different industries, their benefits, and challenges.

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  Cryptographic advancement

  Quantum computers can render traditional cryptographic methods vulnerable or even break them using Shor’s algorithm. But on the flip side, quantum computing also brings a unique way of securing communication through innovative cryptographic methods. One prominent example is quantum key distribution. Unlike traditional encryption methods, which rely on the complexity of mathematical algorithms, QKD leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to establish a secure communication channel. The QKD encodes information in quantum states using photons. The act of measuring these quantum states introduces a detectable disturbance mechanism that enables the parties involved to identify unauthorized interception attempts of the quantum key. If detected, the quantum key distribution system can abort the key exchange, ensuring secure communication.

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