Design of wireless data transmission system in short distance by using FPGA and RF chip RF2401 is introduced in this paper: the wireless data communication system constitutes of SOPC (the core of the system) embedded in FPGA and the necessary peripheral circuits. The paper also introduces the usage of the burst mode transfer of the wireless transmission chip under the control of FPGA and the principles of wireless transmission. And the main features and usage of the wireless digital chip nRF2401 are introduced.