Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a label based switching technique initiated by Internet Engineering Task Force to bring the speed of layer 2 switching to layer 3. Its label based switching technique allows routers to make the forwarding decision based on the contents of label instead of performing a complex route lookup table. Furthermore it allows explicit routing to overcome links and nodes failure in the network. For fault recovery multiprotocol label switching has two domains called Protection Switching and Rerouting. Explicit routing, in it the alternative paths are pre-established through MPLS core router (ingress node).
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