1. Dos mode anti-virus is slow for many reasons, mostly due to the fact that windows can speed it up using greaters levels of RAM than DOS, but when in DOS- you do not have file access issues so you can scan all files, while windows may prevent certain files from being scanned (ie. .swp file)
2.Now this one i'm kinda guessing- when you view program code with a hex editor for example, you can choose to view in hexadecimal, binary or text mode. But all 3 modes are greek to me. Binary is simply the representation of anything in a boolean expression. Basically anything with 2 possible answers- usually yes/no, on/off, true/false or 0/1.
3.printing is dos mode is sometimes faster because of the fact that it must in essence "map" the port it prints to.
4.← is the ascii value of 27.