The absolute length limit for a USB cable is 5 meters. This is because of the maximum reflection delay allowed for in the specification.
The recomendation for dealing with long distances is as follows;
Build a USB bridge that acts as a USB device on one side and has a USB host controller at the other end. Use a long-haul signaling protocol like Ethernet or RS-485 in the middle. Using cables or short-haul fiber, you can get ranges upwards of a kilometer, though there's no reason why the long-haul link in the middle of the bridge couldn't be a pair of radio transceivers or satellite modems. Embedded host solutions capable of doing this already exist. Also, two PCs connected via USB Ethernet adapters are essentially a slave/slave version of this master/slave bridge.
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Lenght of USB Cables
I would like to run a USB cable about 150 feet in length to a project from a computer.