You do not need to install Exchange on a domain controller. The only requirement is that it be installed on a server. The server will hopefully be already joined to the domain before you install Exchange.
I'm not sure what other type of information you are looking for. There are many good references the cover Exchange. Rather than recommending any specific one, I recommend that you find one (or several) that gives you the information you need in language you can understand (sometimes the techno-babble/geek-speak can make things way harder to understand than need be).