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Canada is in many ways a free country, particularly by world standards. It is also, however, a nation that has always tolerated a remarkable amount of censorship, and spawned dismaying numbers of self-appointed guardians of taste and morality.
-Sandra Bernstein, legal conference producer with the Canadian Institute.
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Justice Canada is proposing new intrusive powers to monitor electronic communications -- the so-called "Lawful Access" proposal. The Electronic Frontier Foundation and EFC collaborated on this response to the initiative.
EFC's Richard Rosenberg testified in Vancouver on February 19 before the House Standing Committee on Citizenship and Immigration in opposition to Bill C-18 and the creation of a national ID card. Here are his remarks and an unedited transcript of the session.
http://www.efc.ca/
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More:
http://www.pencanada.ca/censor/Oct23StephenWilliams.htm
http://www.pencanada.ca/censor/TeenageDramatist.htm
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This is interesting:
The file found here since 1995, A History of Censorship In Canada, from 1914 to Now, has been effectively censored due to... Well, instead of us boring you with the details we'll let these actual e-mails do it. -- The Library Staff
http://www.lectlaw.com/files/int02.htm
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There's a definite chill in Guelph (Ontario) , and it's no laughing matter. Students using computers at the University of Guelph are looking over their shoulders, scared that Big Brother could expel them if what they say in their electronic discussion groups is deemed "offensive".
http://www.eff.org/Censorship/Foreign_and_local/Canada/guelph_censorship_efc.statement
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The Little Sister's Bookstore has been in a long battle with Canada Customs regarding censorship.
http://www.eff.org/Censorship/Foreign_and_local/Canada/little_sisters_v_ca_customs_0795.note
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Draft legislation that would ban "killer cards" is back from the Justice Committee with recommendations that it be broadened to cover a much wider range of communication. This has many defenders of free speech alarmed.
In a report recently presented to Parliament, the Justice Committee recommends changes to the legal definition of "obscenity" to include "undue exploitation or glorification of horror, cruelty, or violence". In addition to cards and games, the report names "music, videos, comics, posters, and computer bulletin boards" as forms of communication that need to be controlled by the government. Communication that falls within this expanded definition and has "no redeeming cultural or social value" would be prohibited.
"They apparently stopped short of advocating book-burning", grumbles David Jones, a professor of Computer Science at McMaster University, who is not happy with the report. "When they start talking about banning computer games and communication on computer bulletin boards, that's where they've crossed over into our domain" says Jones, speaking for Electronic Frontier Canada (EFC), a group dedicated to protecting rights and freedoms in cyberspace.
http://www.eff.org/Censorship/Foreign_and_local/Canada/obscenity_ban_efc.statement
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O'Neill vs the RCMP
The Freedom of Expression Committee of the Book and Periodical Council is outraged at the raid by the RCMP on the home and office of Ottawa Citizen reporter Juliet O'Neill. When police use such tactics against a writer, or there is a perception that authorities have taken questionable actions, it creates an environment that impedes freedom of expression.
"This not only affects the journalist in question," said Ron Brown, Chair of the Freedom of Expression Committee, "but sends a chilling message to all writers and publishers involved with producing or researching news stories. The sweeping powers of Canada's draconian anti-terrorism legislation, pushed through Parliament in response to September 11, 2001, must be reviewed immediately. The RCMP's search and seizure of a journalist's files is unacceptable."
http://www.freedomtoread.ca/news_and_opinions/pr20040123.asp
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January 22, 2004
Statement on Raids on Ottawa Citizen/Juliet O'Neill
PEN Canada condemns as outrageous the raids today conducted by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on the offices of the Ottawa Citizen and the home of reporter Juliet O'Neill.
"The ability of a reporter to protect his or her sources is at the core of a free and democratic society," said Chris Waddell, Chair of PEN Canada's National Affairs Committee.
"This action by the police must be reversed and all material taken must be immediately returned untouched to the newspaper and Ms O'Neill. The federal government must state clearly that it does not condone or sanction such intimidation tactics, apologize to Ms O'Neill and the Citizen and state clearly this will not happen again. Anything short of this is unacceptable."
This raid ? including the early morning one by 10 police officers at Ms O'Neill's home ? amounts to nothing more than blatant intimidation of journalists and news organizations in this country by the police and federal government authorities, states PEN Canada.
"It's a fishing expedition designed to turn up Ms. O'Neill's sources because the stories she has written on the federal government's role in the Maher Arar case have been deeply embarrassing to the federal government," added Waddell
http://www.freedomtoread.ca/news_and_opinions/pen_20040122.asp
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".......exposing the extent of censorship in Canada today, exploring its structures, and showing what it reveals about our political culture."
- Klaus Petersen, author of Interpreting Censorship in Canada
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There are now 4 categories for which books are prevented entry to Canada, and can be detained for indefinite periods of time at the border. When customs officials on duty at the border, or working with the Canadian government mail company, perceive that a book, magazine, or film, coming through the border could possibly be defined under one of the following four categories, the material is sent by a chain of command to the federal capital in Ottawa, where one individual has the final decision as to whether the book, magazine, or video in question will be allowed through the border.
The 4 categories are:
HATE LITERATURE: Any book that names a specific group as being responsible for something in history or in society that will promote animosity among other people towards that group. For example he said revisionists and neo-nazis say the Jews are responsible for promoting the Holocaust stories to obtain sympathy and money; this is therefore classified as Hate Literature.
OBSENITY: This is subject to arbitrary decisions by government officials. Most types of pornography from simple exposure of genitalia to violent and degrading sexual acts are seized at the border, and some are returned and some are not after decision are made by the one person in Ottawa.
SEDITION: If the material encourages people to break any criminal law, or human rights code of ethics, of Canada
TREASON: When material promotes the overthrow of the leaders of Canada. This is an outdated law as many people today publicly promote the overthrow of the government to their friends and co-workers.
When deciding whether a book would be included in one of the above 4 categories, the Customs officers have to consider such things as artistic merit and educational value.
A current list of confiscated books and an official definition of the above mentioned criteria is being prepared and distributed by the Canadian Department of Prohibited and Controlled Goods, Ms. Missie Marsden - Director, Ottawa, Canada Tel: 1 - 613 - 954 - 7049.
http://www.vho.org/censor/CAN.html
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Many Americans think Canada is cool. It's a great place to run away and avoid the draft, plus it has socialized medicine. And how could the birth place of SCTV be anything but hip? But Alas! It seems like the same folks who look down their noses at American Pop culture have a dirty little secret we don't often hear about. Canada has no free speech! It's true! The big so-called democracy regulates what people can and can't say! And the man who tested Canada's tolerance for free speech (a test they failed) was none other than Jack T. Chick!
One can't help but chuckle at how Canadians condemn the US boycott of Cuba, while they themselves don't even enjoy the basic democratic right of free speech! The irony is juicy indeed. They say Americans are silly for being scared about Castro, when they're scared of Chick! At least Castro had nukes. Chick, on the other hand, has never threatened their nation with anything more dangerous than comic books. (Get thee behind me Fredic Wertham!)
http://members.tripod.com/monsterwax/chicklaws.html
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Welcome to the Canadian Censorship Wing
Howard Stern is heard only in Montreal --and then only censored on tape delay.
Canada's most powerful tool against politically incorrect speech is its hate speech code, which prohibits any statement that is "likely to expose a person or group of persons to hatred or contempt" because of "race, color, ancestry, place of origin, religion, marital status, family status, physical or mental disability, sex, sexual orientation or age." Prosecutors are not required to show proof of malicious intent or actual harm to win convictions in hate speech cases, and courts in some jurisdictions have ruled that it does not matter whether the statements are truthful.
One person who has run afoul of the code is Hugh Owens, a Christian fundamentalist who took out a small display ad in the Saskatoon newspaper featuring a stick figure drawing of two men holding hands inside a circle with a slash through it--a statement of his disapproval of homosexuality. What made it worse, said the Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission, was that the graphic was accompanied by citations from the Biblical books of Leviticus, Romans and First Corinthians that, in some translations, call for sodomy to be punished by death by stoning. If a hearing officer agrees that this display violates the code, Owens could become the first modern-day Canadian punished by the government for citing the Bible.
http://members.tripod.com/monsterwax/canadacensors.html
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Health Canada's Censorship is Putting your Health at Risk
http://www.naturalhealthcoalition.ca/censorship_ad.pdf
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Canada?s Media Monopoly
One perspective is enough, says CanWest
By James Winter
Canadian Columnist censorship
John Miller, director of Ryerson's newspaper journalism program, told the Washington Post that CanWest newsrooms have become demoralized. "It is not so much the national editorial, but the fact that everyone has been sent the message they have to watch what they write," Miller said. "If it goes against what is perceived as the Asper line, then some stories aren?t going to get written, or some stories will be written and then they will be killed."
Author and Southam columnist Lawrence Martin?s contract was not renewed in 2001, because of his criticism of Liberal Prime Minister Jean Chretien--a friend of Izzy Asper, who once led the Manitoba Liberal Party (Toronto Sun, 8/26/01).
Toronto Sun columnist Peter Worthington was critical of the Aspers and had his column pulled from the Windsor Star, a Southam paper, as a result. "I got a rather embarrassed call from the Windsor Star...saying they had been ordered to drop my column and not run [it] under any circumstances," Worthington told the Toronto Star (1/16/02).
Doug Cuthand, a First Nations columnist for the Regina Leader Post, wrote an essay in early January that was sympathetic to the plight of Palestinians in the West Bank, comparing them to Canada?s indigenous peoples. The Aspers, who are "well known for their unstinting support of Israel," according to the Toronto Star (1/12/02), had the column killed.
Stephen Kimber, a columnist for 15 years with the Halifax Daily News, quit in January after his column was killed by corporate headquarters. Kimber wrote in the column, which was eventually published in the Globe and Mail (1/7/02), that
CanWest?s owners, Winnipeg?s Asper family, which made its fortune in the television business, appear to consider their newspapers not only as profit centers and promotional vehicles for their television network but also as private, personal pulpits from which to express their views.
The Aspers support the federal Liberal Party. They're pro-Israel. They think rich people like themselves deserve tax breaks. They support privatizing health care delivery. And they believe their newspapers...should agree with them.
"I think that they could have gotten away with the ?national editorials? policy," Kimber told the Toronto Star (1/12/02). "But it?s clear now that what they really wanted to do was stifle other people's opinions."
Stephanie Domet, another freelance columnist for the Halifax Sunday Daily News, resigned a few days later after writing a column in support of Kimber for The Coast, a Halifax weekly, that was later posted on the CBC?s website (1/7/02).
The name of the game
Four reporters at CanWest?s Regina Leader Post were suspended for five days in early March, for talking to outside media, and another six were given letters of reprimand after they withdrew their bylines in protest over an incident of censorship at the newspaper. Management at the Leader Post had censored a story by reporter Michelle Lang about a speech critical of CanWest by the Toronto Star?s Haroon Siddiqui.
In March, the International Federation of Journalists accused CanWest of corporate censorship and victimizing journalists who are trying to defend professional standards. "If this had happened in Eastern Europe 15 years ago there would have been widespread protests from media owners and journalists' groups," the IFJ said in a press release March 14. "The issues today are no different--the fight for editorial freedom and protection from censorship."
In 1991, after acquiring a 20 percent stake in New Zealand's TV3, Izzy Asper gathered 200 employees of the station in the cafeteria and astounded them by asking a journalist, "You. What business do you think you're in?"
The journalist replied that "the business we're in is to make sure our audience gets the most carefully researched news and information possible." Asper asked the same questions of the drama and entertainment departments and got similar answers.
"You're all wrong," he told them. "You're in the business of selling soap."
James Winter is a professor of communication at the University of Windsor, Ontario, and the author of several books on the media
http://www.fair.org/extra/0205/canwest.html
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The Censorship of Canadian Children's Literature
many Canadian children's books are censored, not at the government level, but at the level of local schools and libraries. How can Canadians allow this to happen if many of us believe that the role of the true educator is to teach children to be free thinkers, not closed minded? Restricting children's literature puts a severe limitation on a child's right to read. Many local and school libraries' actions contradict the Canadian Library Association's Statement of Intellectual Freedom, which states that "all persons in Canada have the fundamental right, as embodied in the nations' Bill of Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, to have access to all expressions of knowledge, creativity and intellectual activity."1 What should be done to solve this problem? Before this question can be tackled, three other questions have to be answered. These questions involve the ways children's books are censored, the reasons why children's books are censored, and the actual effects that the challenged books have on children.
Robert Munsch, a children's author who is popular among children and censors, outlines three types of censorship in a letter to the Canadian Children's Literature Magazine. The first is government censorship, where writers or publishers are imprisoned or killed for their actions. The second type, as outlined by Munsch, is local schools and libraries censorship. In schools, censorship occurs whenever groups or individuals, attempt to prevent students from reading, hearing, or seeing something or someone because they believe that such exposure will be harmful to the students.2 A majority of censorship in Canada occurs at this level because the laws usually prevent censorship at higher levels, but parents expect the local libraries and schools to mirror their own values, and it is easy to succeed at censorship at this level because schools and local libraries are very vulnerable to politics and generally want to avoid problems........
......where writers or publishers are imprisoned or killed for their actions.
......where writers or publishers are imprisoned or killed for their actions.
......where writers or publishers are imprisoned or killed for their actions.
......where writers or publishers are imprisoned or killed for their actions.
http://www.canadiancontent.ca/issues/0699censor.html
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How bad is censorship in Canada?
Worse than you think.
CRIME COMICS
Section 163(1)(b) of Canada's Criminal Code states that "Every one commits an offence who makes, prints, publishes, distributes, sells or has in his possession for the purpose of publication, distribution, or circulation, a crime comic."
More:
http://www.freedomparty.org/issupapr/ca_02.htm