file security protects files.
a firewall protects entire system/network
asecret key is the key used to encrypt data ( email, file )
the public key is the decryption key for said encryption.
digital certificate is supposed to be a guarantee of security ( ssl for https )
digital postmark is a certificate for signing email, to say, yes it came from the sender, as it requires the certificate to be installed in email client to be used.
a symmetric key is one that with half, you can calculate the other half ( unfortunately )
asymmetric is one that without the complete key you can't use it.