Hello,
Based on the limited problem description here, I would suspect a plug-in card, or motherboard issue.
If the phone-line was plugged into a network card, and the phone rang, it would be very easy for the ring signal to damage the card.
(the ring voltage can be over 90 Volts)
Start by unplugging any cards that the phone jack might have been plugged into.
While you are in there, make sure that all plug in cards, and the RAM modules are seated properly.
If that doesn't do it, I would next try a different keyboard and mouse.
(unplugging PS/2 devices when powered up can take out either the device, or the port)
Beyond the above, I would really suspect the motherboard itself.
It's very hard to damage the RAM from the rear plug-in slots.
Chas