Windows

This question is well done (to a crisp) and the fast answer is you clone the drives to externals with YOUR CHOICE of clone software. When you have a hard failure you can install the new drive and restore from your last cloned backup.

Bear in mind that after you clone backups are done you can optionally continue your normal file system backups since the full clone jobs can take hours.

Simple, once you accept the method and costs.

I think what your looking for is a clone for each disk.
So that means getting two spare disk and cloning your internals.
Then you have to do this often if you want the disks you cloned to to be current.

Then you have to test to verify the clone out and clone in functions.

After you get this all set up and working consider getting a nice fat ssd and making your machine a one disk system.
That cuts your cloning work in half.

Select the Start button, then select Control Panel > System and Maintenance > Backup and Restore.

Do one of the following:

If you've never used Windows Backup before, or recently upgraded your version of Windows, select Set up backup, and then follow the steps in the wizard.

If you've created a backup before, you can wait for your regularly scheduled backup to occur, or you can manually create a new backup by selecting Back up now.

If you’ve created a backup before, but want to make a new, full backup rather than updating the old one, select Create new, full backup, and then follow the steps in the wizard.

Create a system image
System images contain all of the info on your PC at a particular state.

Right-click the Start button, then select Control Panel > System and Maintenance > Backup and Restore.

In the left pane, choose Create a system image, and then follow the steps in the wizard. Administrator permission required If you're prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

Keeping different versions of system images
You can keep several versions of system images. On internal and external hard drives, older system images will be deleted when the drive runs out of space. To help conserve disk space, delete older system images.

If you're saving your system images in a network location, you can only keep the most current system image for each computer. System images are saved in the format of drive\WindowsImageBackup\computer name\. If you already have a system image for a computer and are creating a new one for the same computer, the new system image will overwrite the old one.

If you want to keep the old system image, you can copy it to a different location before creating the new system image by following these steps.

Navigate to the location of the system image.

Copy the WindowsImageBackup folder to a new location.

You can transfer your all data to other drive and make OS drive format and install the new OS. Also transfer all the data in other external drive